Restoration and protection actions of the Priority Habitat 9370* “Palm groves of Phoenix” in Crete - LIFE PHOENIX

Endemic palm groves of the Phoenix genus in Europe form vital natural and semi-natural ecosystems with exceptional ecological and socio-economic significance. These unique habitats are found only in Spain (Phoenix canariensis) and Greece (P. theophrasti). Their rarity has led to their inclusion in Annex I of the EU Directive 92/43 and their designation as Priority Habitat 9370*, “Palm groves of Phoenix,” with just 53 Natura 2000 (N2K) sites allocated for their conservation at the EU level. Both species, face similar conservation challenges. Key threats include the impacts of climate change, pest infestations, and Invasive Alien Species (IAS). Additionally, region-specific issues arise from human activities: in Gran Canaria, past poor practices have led to hybridization with P. dactylifera, while in Crete, overgrazing and tourism pressures are primary concerns. Hybridization and pest control in Crete are currently managed with a precautionary approach. The overarching goal of the LIFE Phoenix project is to enhance the conservation status of Priority Habitat 9370* in by implementing a comprehensive strategy. This includes mitigating major threats such as droughts, wildfires, overgrazing, visitor pressure, and hybridization; restoring natural palm groves through proper management techniques; preventing and controlling pests and IAS; promoting reforestation; and fostering environmental governance and awareness.