Winemaking Wastewater Treatment: Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Coagulation-Flocculation

Winery wastewater poses significant environmental risks due to high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds. This study examines the treatment of wastewater from the "Torre di Morro" winery using hydrodynamic cavitation and coagulation-flocculation processes. Cavitation at 3 bar achieved a 33% pollutant degradation, while Fenton's reagents increased this to 60%. The combination of cavitation and Fenton's reagents was most effective, resulting in a 74% reduction. Coagulant dosages of 5 mg/L, 12.5 mg/L, and 100 mg/L led to COD reductions of 50%, 58%, and 60%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that combined methods significantly enhance treatment efficiency, offering a promising approach for winery wastewater purification. Implementing these methods can substantially reduce the environmental impact of winery wastewater, contributing to more sustainable winemaking practices.