RESEARCH ON THE POSSIBILITIES OF EVALUATION AND RECOVERY OF SLUDGE FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY

The characterization and recovery of sludge from sewage treatment plants involves understanding its composition and implementing strategies to extract valuable resources from this byproduct. Sludge characterization helps identify its properties, including organic and inorganic content, contaminants, and potential for resource recovery. Recovery processes focus on extracting energy, nutrients, and other valuable materials from sludge, contributing to sustainable waste management practices. Characterization of sludge involves assessing its physical, chemical, and biological properties. This includes determining the moisture content, organic matter content, nutrient levels, heavy metal concentrations, and presence of pathogens or other contaminants. Through detailed characterization, treatment plants can optimize their processes and implement suitable recovery techniques. Recovery of sludge offers several benefits. Energy recovery can be achieved through anaerobic digestion, where organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms to produce biogas, a renewable energy source. Alternatively, sludge incineration can produce heat or power. Nutrient recovery is another important aspect, as sludge can be a valuable source of phosphorus and other essential nutrients for agricultural use. Additionally, innovative techniques like pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization are being explored to recover resources such as biochar and carbon-based materials from sludge. The characterization and recovery of sludge from sewage treatment plants are essential for sustainable waste management. By understanding its composition and implementing recovery processes, valuable resources can be extracted, including energy, nutrients, and other valuable materials. These efforts contribute to minimizing waste, promoting resource efficiency, and mitigating environmental impacts associated with sludge disposal. This study provides an overview of the characteristics, management, and potential uses of sewage sludge.